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| headquarters = Koubri el-Quba, Cairo, Egypt | commander-in-chief = President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi | commander-in-chief_title = Supreme Commander | minister = Col. Gen. Sedki Sobhi | minister_title = Commander-in-Chief and Minister of Defence | commander = Lt. Gen. Mahmoud Hegazy | commander_title = Chief of Staff | age = 18–49 years old | conscription = 1–3 years | manpower_data = | manpower_age = 18–49 | available = 41,157,220 | available_f = | fit = 35,305,381 | fit_f = | reaching = 1,532,052 | reaching_f = | active = ~500,000 | ranked = 10–11th | reserve = <1,000,000 | paramilitary = |amount = E£56.1 billion (~US$7.85 billion) |imports= |exports= |history= | foreign_suppliers = }} | domestic_suppliers = | ranks = }} The Egyptian Armed Forces ((アラビア語:القوات المسلحة المصرية); (:el qouwat el mosalaha el masriya)) are the military forces of Egypt and are one of the largest in Africa, the Middle East, and the world. They consist of the Army, Navy, Air Force and Air Defense Command. The supreme commander of the armed forces is the President of the Republic as provided for in the Egyptian constitution. The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces consists of 20 to 25 members, headed by the Commander-in-Chief and Defence Minister and his deputy, the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces. Members of the council are formed of the leaders of the main military branches (Air – Navy – Air Defense – Border Guard) and the leaders of the two armies (Second Army And Third Army) in addition to the leaders of the military regions (Western Military Zone – Northern Military Zone – Southern Military Zone – Central Military Zone) along with the heads of the upper bodies (Chief of Operations – Reinforcement – Logistics – Engineering – Training – Finance – Military Justice – Management and Administration), administrative managers (Military Intelligence and Director of Morale Affairs) and the Assistant Defense Secretary for Constitutional and Legal Affairs and Secretary General of the Department of Defense (Secretary of the Council). The Egyptian army is one of the oldest armies in history, the first of its wars began to unite Egypt at the hands of King Menes in 3200 BC, and have fought major wars and battles over the centuries, from the Pharaonic era and through Ptolemaic and Romania, Islamic and even modern era. The Egyptian army have fought battles and wars in many parts of the world, mostly defensive, with the most notable being: the Hyksos War, Battle of Ain Jalut, Battle of Al Mansurah, Battle of Nezib, Battle of Megiddo, Battle of Carchemish, Battle of Hattin, Egyptian–Saudi War, Anglo-Egyptian War, Battle of Tel el-Kebir, Greek War of Independence, Egyptian–Ottoman War, World War I, World War II, 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Egyptian Revolution of 1952, Tripartite Aggression, North Yemen Civil War, Six Day War, Nigerian Civil War, War of Attrition, October War, Shaba I, Libyan–Egyptian War, Gulf War, Egyptian Crisis, and the Sinai insurgency. Military equipment varies in the Egyptian army between eastern and western armament, coming from several countries through mutual military cooperation, including the United States, Russia, France, Italy, Ukraine, China, as well as locally from the AOI and MMP. The power of the Egyptian Armed Forces since the Arab Spring has caused it to be called a "state within a state". ==Overview== The Headquarters of the Egyptian Armed Forces are in Koubri el-Quba, Cairo. The Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, the senior uniformed officer, is currently Colonel General Sedki Sobhi and the Chief of Staff is currently Lieutenant General Mahmoud Hegazy. The Ministry of Defense is responsible for managing the affairs of the Egyptian Armed Forces and maintaining its facilities. The Armed Forces' inventory includes equipment from different countries around the world. Equipment from the former Soviet Union is being progressively replaced by more modern US, French, and British equipment, a significant portion of which is built under license in Egypt, such as the M1 Abrams tank. Egypt remains a strong military and strategic partner and is a participant in NATO's Mediterranean Dialogue forum. The Egyptian military is one of the strongest in the region, and gives Egypt regional military supremacy rivaled only by Israel, besides being one of the strongest in Africa. Egypt is one of the few countries in the Middle East, and the only Arab state, with a reconnaissance satellite and has launched another one in 2014. However the Egyptian armed forces were not in such a good state in the mid 1950s. Just before the Suez Crisis, political allegiance rather than military competence was the main criterion for promotion.〔Varble, Derek (2003) p. 19.〕 The Egyptian commander, Field Marshal Abdel Hakim Amer, was a purely political appointee who owed his position to his close friendship with Nasser. A heavy drinker, he would prove himself grossly incompetent as a general during the Crisis.〔 In 1956, the armed forces was well equipped with weapons from the Soviet Union such as T-34 and IS-3 tanks, MiG-15 fighters, Ilyushin Il-28 bombers, SU-100 self-propelled guns and assault rifles.〔 Rigid lines between officers and men in the Egyptian Army led to a mutual "mistrust and contempt" between officers and the men who served under them.〔Varble, Derek (2003) p. 20.〕 Egyptian troops were excellent in defensive operations, but had little capacity for offensive operations, owing to the lack of "rapport and effective small-unit leadership".〔 In January 2011, a delegation led by the chief of staff of Egypt's armed forces, Lt. Gen. Sami Hafez Enan, was in Washington, D.C., although the visit was truncated due to the protests. The sessions, an annual country-to-country military coordination, were being led for the U.S. by Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs Alexander Vershbow. A meeting with Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, and other talks had been planned to extend to 2 February. However, in light of events in Egypt, the delegation left Washington to return home.〔Bumiller, Elisabeth (28 January 2011). ("Egyptian Military Chiefs Cut Pentagon Visit Short" ). ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 28 January 2011.〕 Before their Friday night departure, Vershbow urged the two dozen Egyptian military representatives "to exercise 'restraint'".〔Bumiller, Elisabeth; Mark Landler contributed reporting, ("Calling for Restraint, Pentagon Faces Test of Influence With Ally" ). ''The New York Times''. 29 January 2011 (30 January 2011, p. A1, New York edition). Retrieved 30 January 2011.〕 The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces was convened during the course of the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, and assumed power when Mubarak resigned on 11 February 2011. On Sunday 12 August 2012, newly elected President Mohamed Morsi announced a series of military appointments. Hussein Tantawi, the Minister of Defence and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces was retired.〔http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/50239/Egypt/Politics-/Morsi-retires-Egypts-top-army-leaders;-amends--Con.aspx〕 Morsi also retired Sami Anan, the Army's Chief of Staff. Morsi awarded both men state medals and appointed them as advisors to the president. Thirdly, the president appointed the head of military intelligence, Abdul Fatah al-Sisi, as Minister of Defence to replace Tantawi. Sedki Sobhi, the commander of the Third Army, was appointed as Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces. Morsi also retired the Commander of the Navy, Mohab Memish, and appointed him as head of the Suez Canal Authority. On 3 July 2013 in response to millions of Egyptians demands demonstrating in streets all over Egypt since 30 June 2013,〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2013/07/03/egypt_protests_mohammed_morsi_banned_from_travel_military_coup_underway_advisor_says.html )〕 the head of the Egyptian Armed Forces, then-Colonel General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, announced the removal of President Mohamed Morsi from power, the suspension of the constitution, and new presidential and House of Representatives elections. The severe crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood and pro-Morsi supporters commenced. Notable incidents such as the 2013 Republican Guard headquarters clashes and the August 2013 Rabaa massacre claimed the lives of hundreds to thousands of demonstrators by military and police forces. The US provides annual military assistance to the Egyptian Armed Forces. In 2009, the U.S. provided nominal $1.3 billion to the Egyptian military ($ billion in ).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Scenesetter: President Mubarak's visit to Washington )〕 Much of this is in equipment such as tanks and jet fighters that are surplus to Egyptian needs and kept in storage.〔("Egypt May Not Need Fighter Jets, But The U.S. Keeps Sending Them Anyway." )〕 According to Article 200 of the Egyptian Constitution, the Armed Forces belong to the People, and their duty is to protect the country, and preserve its security and the integrity of its territories. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Egyptian Armed Forces」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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